INTERNACIONALITZACIÓ

1. File and Directory Navigation

• pwd – Shows the current directory.

• ls – Lists files and directories.

• ls -l – Lists with details (permissions, owner, size, date).

• cd [directory] – Changes directory.

• cd .. – Moves up one level in the directory structure.

• cd / – Goes to the root directory.

2. File Management

• touch [file] – Creates an empty file.

• cp [source] [destination] – Copies a file or directory.

• mv [source] [destination] – Moves or renames a file or directory.

• rm [file] – Deletes a file.

• rm -r [directory] – Deletes a directory and its contents.

3. Text Manipulation

• cat [file] – Displays the content of a file.

• less [file] – Allows paginated viewing of a file.

• head [file] – Shows the first 10 lines of a file.

• tail [file] – Shows the last 10 lines of a file.

• grep "text" [file] – Searches for text within a file.

4. Permissions and Ownership

• chmod [permissions] [file] – Changes file permissions.

• chown [user:group] [file] – Changes file ownership.

5. Process Management

• ps – Displays running processes.

• top – Shows real-time processes.

• kill [PID] – Terminates a process by its ID.

• killall [name] – Terminates all processes with that name.

6. User and Group Management

• whoami – Shows the current user.

• who – Displays users connected to the system.

• adduser [user] – Adds a new user.

• deluser [user] – Deletes a user.

• passwd [user] – Changes a user’s password.

7. Networking

• ping [host] – Checks connectivity with another host.

• ifconfig / ip a – Displays network information.

• netstat -tulnp – Shows open ports and associated processes.

• wget [URL] – Downloads a file from the internet.

• curl [URL] – Displays the content of a URL.

8. Package Management

(Depends on the distribution)

• Debian/Ubuntu:

  • apt update – Updates the package list.

  • apt upgrade – Updates installed packages.

  • apt install [package] – Installs a package.

  • apt remove [package] – Removes a package.

• RedHat/CentOS:

  • yum update – Updates packages.

  • yum install [package] – Installs a package.

  • yum remove [package] – Removes a package.

9. Compression and Files

• tar -cvf file.tar [files] – Creates a tar file.

• tar -xvf file.tar – Extracts a tar file.

• gzip [file] – Compresses a file.

• gunzip [file.gz] – Decompresses a .gz file.

• zip [file.zip] [files] – Creates a ZIP file.

• unzip [file.zip] – Extracts a ZIP file.

10. Other Utilities

• clear – Clears the terminal screen.

• history – Displays command history.

• echo "text" – Prints text to the screen.

• date – Displays the current date and time.

• shutdown -h now – Shuts down the system immediately.

• reboot – Restarts the system.